Background of the Merger
On March 14, 2007, K. Rupert Murdoch, chairman and chief executive officer of News Corporation, contacted Richard F. Zannino, chief executive officer and a director of Dow Jones, to arrange a meeting.
On March 29, 2007, Messrs. Murdoch and Zannino met for breakfast. At the end of the meeting, Mr. Murdoch reiterated his long-standing interest in acquiring Dow Jones and informed Mr. Zannino that News Corporation was considering making a proposal to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones for $60.00 per share. Mr. Zannino replied that Dow Jones could not be sold without the approval of the various Bancroft family members and the trustees of the trusts for the benefit of the Bancroft family members, and that the Bancroft family members and trustees, through their representatives on the Dow Jones board of directors, had repeatedly and very recently expressed their desire for Dow Jones to remain independent. Mr. Murdoch indicated that News Corporation was planning to make its proposal directly to the Dow Jones board of directors and that Mr. Murdoch intended to contact Harvey Golub, an outside director of Dow Jones, to discuss how to do so. Later on March 29, 2007, Mr. Murdoch left a message for Mr. Golub at his office.
Immediately after the breakfast meeting on March 29, 2007, Mr. Zannino informed Joseph A. Stern, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Dow Jones, of his conversations with Mr. Murdoch. Shortly thereafter, Messrs. Zannino and Stern consulted with Dow Jones' outside legal counsel Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and informed Peter Kann, then chairman of Dow Jones' board of directors and former chief executive officer of Dow Jones, and Michael B. Elefante, a member of the board of directors of Dow Jones, a trustee for, and a partner of the law firm representing a significant number of, the trusts for the benefit of various Bancroft family members, of these conversations. Messrs. Zannino and Stern also attempted to contact Mr. Golub by telephone and e-mail, but he was out of the country at the time.
On March 30 and April 3, 2007 Messrs. Zannino and Stern briefed M. Peter McPherson, the incoming chairman of Dow Jones' board of directors, and Mr. Golub, respectively, on the interest in a potential transaction conveyed by Mr. Murdoch at the March 29 breakfast meeting. Between April 4 and April 12, 2007, Mr. Stern individually contacted and advised various directors of Dow Jones of News Corporation's interest in acquiring Dow Jones.
Mr. Golub returned Mr. Murdoch's call on April 4, 2007 and was informed that Mr. Murdoch was out of the country. On April 11, 2007, Mr. Golub and Mr. Murdoch spoke directly by telephone. Mr. Murdoch stated that News Corporation was interested in acquiring Dow Jones and requested a meeting with Mr. Golub to discuss how he might proceed. Mr. Golub advised Mr. Murdoch that, if he wished to communicate with the Bancroft family, he should speak to Mr. Elefante and, if News Corporation wished to communicate with Dow Jones' board of directors, News Corporation should do so formally and submit a letter to Dow Jones.
On April 13, 2007, Mr. Zannino received a telephone call from Mr. Murdoch advising him that News Corporation's board of directors was considering an offer to acquire Dow Jones and, if the offer was approved, News Corporation would send, prior to its next regularly scheduled board meeting to be held April 18, 2007, a written offer to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones to the Dow Jones board of directors. Mr. Zannino informed Mr. Stern, several members of the Dow Jones board and representatives of Fried Frank of this conversation with Mr. Murdoch.
On April 13, 2007, the Dow Jones board of directors held a special telephonic meeting. The board discussed Mr. Zannino's recent conversations with Mr. Murdoch. At the meeting, representatives of Fried Frank discussed with the members of the board of directors their duties under the circumstances.
On April 17, 2007, at a meeting of the board of directors of News Corporation, the board of directors of News Corporation formally approved the terms of a proposal to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones' common stock and Class B common stock at a per share price of $60.00.
Later on April 17, 2007, News Corporation sent a letter to Dow Jones presenting News Corporation's written proposal to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones' common stock and Class B common stock for $60.00 per share in cash or a combination of cash and securities. The letter indicated that the proposed transaction would not be subject to any financing condition or approval by the stockholders of News Corporation.
At a regularly scheduled meeting on April 18, 2007, the board of directors of Dow Jones discussed the News Corporation proposal. At the meeting, a representative of Fried Frank discussed with the members of the Dow Jones board of directors their fiduciary duties in light of the News Corporation proposal. Also at the meeting, the board of directors requested that Mr. Elefante determine the views of the various Bancroft family members and the trustees of trusts for the benefit of Bancroft family members with respect to the News Corporation proposal. Mr. Elefante advised the board of directors that certain Bancroft family trusts intended to engage Merrill Lynch & Co. as their financial advisor in connection with their evaluation of the News Corporation proposal, and that he would seek to inform the board of directors of the positions of various Bancroft family members and trustees with respect to the proposal by the end of the week of April 23, 2007.
Also, at its April 18 meeting, the Dow Jones board of directors established an ad-hoc committee of the board consisting of Lewis B. Campbell and Messrs. McPherson and Golub, with Mr. Zannino as an ex officio member. The board delegated to the ad-hoc committee the authority to oversee the process of considering the News Corporation proposal and to address any issues that might arise in connection with the News Corporation proposal.
Following the board meeting on April 18, the board of directors of Dow Jones retained Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP to represent the outside directors of Dow Jones, other than Mr. Elefante, Mr. Bancroft, Ms. Hill and Ms. Steele, who are referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus as "the Bancroft family directors", in connection with their evaluation of the News Corporation proposal. Also, on April 18, Dow Jones sent a letter to News Corporation advising News Corporation that the board of directors of Dow Jones had asked representatives of the various Bancroft family members and trustees to inform the board as to the views of the various Bancroft family members and trustees concerning the News Corporation proposal.
During this period there were various informal communications between executives of News Corporation and executives of Dow Jones.
On April 26, 2007, News Corporation sent a letter to Dow Jones reaffirming News Corporation's interest in a transaction with Dow Jones. In the April 26 letter Mr. Murdoch requested that Mr. McPherson inform the Bancroft family members, trustees and advisors Mr. Murdoch's request to meet in person with members or representatives of the Bancroft family.
On April 27, 2007, Dow Jones sent a letter to News Corporation acknowledging that it had forwarded News Corporation's April 26, 2007 letter to representatives of the Bancroft family and the board of directors of Dow Jones. Also on April 27, 2007, the board of directors of Dow Jones held a special meeting by teleconference. At the meeting, the directors discussed News Corporation's April 26 letter. In addition, Mr. Elefante indicated that he was still in the process of seeking to ascertain from the various Bancroft family members and the trustees of trusts for their benefit their views on the News Corporation proposal. Mr. Elefante indicated that at that time the proposal had not been rejected by Bancroft family members and the trustees of trusts for their benefit holding a majority of the voting power of Dow Jones. Mr. Elefante also advised the board that certain of the Bancroft family stockholders could have interests that are different from those of the Dow Jones board of directors and that those stockholders may want to be involved and communicate directly with News Corporation regarding its proposal. After further discussion, the Bancroft-family directors departed from the meeting and the remaining directors held an executive session in which they discussed possible courses of action in light of the News Corporation proposal. Representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher reviewed certain legal implications following from Mr. Elefante's report. The non-family members of the board of directors discussed and recommended that the ad-hoc committee retain a financial advisor for Dow Jones to assist in the evaluation of the News Corporation proposal and any other transactions that may become available. Representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher discussed with the non-family board members factors the board should consider in the event News Corporation were to offer different prices for the shares held by members of the Bancroft family and trusts for their benefit and for the shares held by the public stockholders of Dow Jones. The board members directed Mr. McPherson to contact Mr. Elefante after the meeting adjourned and communicate to him that it was the board's objective that there be no such price differential in any transaction. Mr. McPherson informed Mr. Elefante of this message.
Following the board meeting on April 27, 2007, the ad-hoc committee held a telephonic meeting at which it determined to engage Goldman Sachs as the financial advisor to Dow Jones.
On May 1, 2007, the media reported on News Corporation's proposal to acquire Dow Jones at $60.00 per share. Also on May 1, News Corporation sent a letter to Mr. Elefante which indicated that Mr. Murdoch and other members of his family, together with other representatives of News Corporation, would like to meet in person with members of the Bancroft family. Immediately following the news reports, Dow Jones and News Corporation issued separate press releases confirming the News Corporation proposal.
Later on May 1, 2007, the board of directors of Dow Jones held a special meeting by telephone to discuss the day's developments. At the May 1 meeting, Mr. Elefante informed the Dow Jones board of directors that members of the Bancroft family and the trustees of trusts for their benefit holding slightly more than 50% of Dow Jones' total voting power had advised him that they would vote their shares against the News Corporation proposal. On the evening of May 1, 2007, Dow Jones issued a press release announcing the position of the various Bancroft family members and trustees with respect to the News Corporation proposal and stating that the Dow Jones board of directors would factor this information into its evaluation.
On May 2, 2007, the Dow Jones board of directors held a special meeting to discuss the status of the News Corporation proposal. At the meeting, Mr. Zannino summarized the events of the last several days and reviewed in general terms the options available to Dow Jones, which included remaining an independent company or considering a strategic transaction, including the proposal from News Corporation. Representatives of Goldman Sachs discussed with the board of directors the News Corporation proposal, management's long range plan for Dow Jones on a stand-alone basis, general observations about the newspaper and information service industries and other potential transaction partners. Goldman Sachs also reported to the board of directors its previous business and banking relationships with News Corporation.
At the May 2 board meeting, Mr. Elefante reported to the board that, based on discussions with various Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for their benefit, approximately 52% of the outstanding voting power of Dow Jones as of May 1, 2007, would vote against the News Corporation proposal. Messrs. Elefante and Bancroft and Mesdames Hill and Steele recused themselves from the meeting and the non-family directors discussed Mr. Elefante's report and considered various alternatives for addressing the situation. Representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher then reviewed with the non-family members of the board of directors their fiduciary duties in connection with their consideration of the proposal by News Corporation and any alternative transaction in the context of Mr. Elefante's report. In light of the report from Mr. Elefante and the fact that under Delaware law approval of a merger requires a vote of a majority of Dow Jones' outstanding voting power, and after consulting with representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher, the board of directors determined to take no action in response to the News Corporation proposal at that time. On the evening of May 2, 2007, Dow Jones issued a press release disclosing the board's determination. Also on May 2, Dow Jones sent a letter to News Corporation advising News Corporation of the board's determination.
During the week of May 7, 2007, a senior executive of Dow Jones' Consumer Media Group was contacted by an executive at a subsidiary of a public company, which we refer to as Company A. The Company A executive indicated that Company A might be interested in pursuing an acquisition of Dow Jones, in partnership with a third-party. Mr. Zannino subsequently had conversations with senior executives of Company A reiterating its potential interest in acquiring Dow Jones, together with one or more other partners. Although the Company A executives mentioned a large technology company, which we refer to as Company B as a possible partner, neither Company A nor Company B provided price or other specific details about the structure or terms of a possible transaction between them and Dow Jones.
Also during the week of May 7, senior executives of Company C, a publicly traded international media company, contacted a representative of Goldman Sachs and expressed interest in a potential joint operating arrangement or other opportunities for possible collaboration with Dow Jones. No specific proposal was made.
On May 11, 2007, News Corporation sent a letter to the Bancroft family reiterating Mr. Murdoch's desire to meet with members of the Bancroft family. The letter described News Corporation's plans for investing in Dow Jones and indicated News Corporation would address various governance and journalistic integrity issues. In that connection, News Corporation stated that if it were to acquire Dow Jones it would be prepared to mirror the editorial board structure used at the Times of London with respect to The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones' other publications and offered to appoint a member of the Bancroft family to the News Corporation board of directors.
On May 16, 2007, at a regularly scheduled meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors, the directors discussed the News Corporation proposal. The board also discussed the recently announced merger agreement between Reuters Group plc and The Thomson Corporation, as well as recent trends in the market for newspaper advertising. The board reviewed the events to date, including the communications with executives of Company A. The board of directors also discussed its prior determination to take no action with respect to the News Corporation proposal and requested that Mr. Elefante ascertain from the various Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for their benefit their then current views on the News Corporation proposal in light of the events that had transpired since they had last advised Mr. Elefante of their views of the News Corporation proposal. Mr. Elefante agreed to do so.
At a special meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors held on May 31, 2007, Mr. Elefante informed the board of directors that a significant percentage of members of the Bancroft family and trustees of trusts for their benefit had reached a consensus that the mission of Dow Jones might be better accomplished in combination or collaboration with another organization, which could include News Corporation. Mr. Elefante also advised the board that, in light of this point of view, the Bancroft family directors intended to meet with representatives of News Corporation to determine whether, in the context of the current or any modified News Corporation proposal, an agreement could be reached to maintain the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of Dow Jones and its publications. Mr. Elefante reported that a significant percentage of the Bancroft family members and trustees would also be receptive to other options that might achieve the same overarching objective. Mr. Elefante further stated that, if an agreement could be reached, he would report back to the board of directors and representatives of Bancroft family members and trustees would then work together with the board to negotiate all other terms of News Corporation's proposal, including price. Mr. Elefante also stated that representatives of Bancroft family members and trustees would discuss with senior management, including senior editors, their views on journalistic and editorial integrity and independence. In light of the consensus of the Bancroft family members and trustees, the board of directors determined to consider all strategic options available to Dow Jones, including the News Corporation proposal. In the evening on May 31, 2007, Dow Jones issued a press release announcing the board's determination. That evening a public statement was issued on behalf of Bancroft family members and trustees announcing the consensus of the Bancroft family members and trustees.
On June 4, 2007, Messrs. Elefante, Bancroft and McPherson, Mesdames Hill and Steele and representatives of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, counsel to certain Bancroft family members and trustees, met with Mr. Murdoch, James Murdoch, Chief Executive Officer of British Sky Broadcasting plc, Lawrence A. Jacobs, Senior Executive Vice President and Group General Counsel of News Corporation and David DeVoe, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of News Corporation. At the meeting the parties exchanged proposals for structures to safeguard the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications in the event of a sale of Dow Jones to News Corporation.
On June 4, 2007, the Independent Association of Publishers' Employees (IAPE), a union that represents employees of Dow Jones, announced that it had retained advisors to explore alternatives to the News Corporation proposal to acquire Dow Jones. On June 5, 2007, an individual whom we refer to as Mr. D announced that he was interested in working with IAPE to explore strategic alternatives available to Dow Jones. Neither IAPE nor Mr. D subsequently made any proposal for a transaction with Dow Jones.
On June 6 and June 7, 2007, members of the ad-hoc committee, Mr. Stern and representatives of Goldman Sachs, Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher met with Mr. Elefante and representatives of Merrill Lynch and Wachtell Lipton to discuss the negotiations with News Corporation and the process for approaching and responding to proposals for alternative transactions. The participants agreed that Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch would coordinate their activities with the objective of generating value for all Dow Jones stockholders. In that connection, it was also agreed that Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch would, in coordination with each other, approach and respond to potential transaction partners for Dow Jones to ascertain their interest in a transaction with Dow Jones and report back to the ad-hoc committee on the results of these contacts. The participants also agreed that representatives of the various Bancroft family members and trustees would be responsible for negotiating with News Corporation with respect to the preservation of the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. Furthermore, the ad-hoc committee agreed to consider whether, and to what extent, Dow Jones should pay the fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch.
Commencing on June 7, 2007 and continuing through July 27, 2007, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch approached or were contacted by 18 potential transaction partners about their possible interest in a transaction with Dow Jones, in addition to the four parties, including News Corporation, that had previously indicated an interest in a transaction with Dow Jones.
On June 8, 2007, at a special meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors, Mr. McPherson updated the board of directors on the substance of the June 6 and June 7, 2007 committee meetings and on the status of the negotiations relating to the News Corporation proposal. In light of agreement at the June 6 and June 7, 2007 meetings that Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch would work closely with each other in connection with any potential transaction and in recognition of the critical nature of the support of Bancroft family members and trustees of any transaction involving Dow Jones, the board of directors voted to expand the ad-hoc committee to add Mr. Elefante as a member.
In early June, a Goldman Sachs representative contacted an executive of Company B to discuss Company's B's potential interest in a transaction with Dow Jones. The Company B executive indicated that Company B would be interested in a transaction involving the purchase of select assets of Dow Jones, but not in an acquisition of the entire company.
Also in early June, representatives of Company C informed representatives of Goldman Sachs that Company C was conducting preliminary discussions with Company A regarding the possibility of a joint bid for Dow Jones.
On June 19, 2007, the ad-hoc committee held a special meeting to discuss the status of the negotiations between representatives of the Bancroft family members and trustees and News Corporation regarding journalistic and editorial integrity and independence.
On June 20, 2007, at a regularly scheduled meeting of the board of directors of Dow Jones, the board of directors, including Bancroft family directors, concluded that the best way to continue to evaluate the News Corporation proposal was for the board of directors to take the lead in addressing all aspects of the proposal, including the method for safeguarding the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications, and all other strategic options available to Dow Jones, including remaining independent, with the recognition that the approval of a majority of the Dow Jones stockholders, including stockholders who are Bancroft family members and trustees, would be required in connection with any potential transaction. The board of directors believed that its involvement could facilitate the negotiations with News Corporation regarding journalistic and editorial integrity and independence. In that connection, the board of directors appreciated that the Bancroft family members and trustees remained firm in the view that any transaction must include appropriate provisions with respect to journalistic and editorial integrity and independence. After the meeting, Dow Jones issued a press release announcing the board's conclusion.
Also on June 20, 2007, the Dow Jones board of directors received a letter from an individual whom we refer to as Mr. E containing a proposal for a transaction in which a group of investors led by Mr. E would purchase from existing Dow Jones stockholders approximately 25% of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones at $60.00 per share, purchase approximately $250 million in stock from Dow Jones at $60.00 per share and be granted the right to appoint two new directors to the Dow Jones board. The letter did not identify the members of Mr. E's investment group.
Later on June 20, 2007, Company F, a private investment company that had previously indicated an interest in acquiring Dow Jones, executed a confidentiality agreement with Dow Jones. On June 21, 2007, members of Dow Jones management made a presentation to Company F executives regarding Dow Jones. Representatives of Company F subsequently indicated that it would not be able to make a proposal for an acquisition of Dow Jones at a price per share of $60.00 or more. No proposal was made by Company F for any transaction with Dow Jones.
Later on June 21, 2007 Company A and Company C each issued a statement acknowledging that they had conducted exploratory discussions with each other regarding a possible combination of a subsidiary of Company A, a subsidiary of Company C, and Dow Jones and announcing that they had decided not to pursue this combination.
On June 21, 2007, a representative of Goldman Sachs and Mr. DeVoe discussed the process for negotiating the terms of an agreement regarding journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. During that discussion, the Goldman Sachs representative indicated to Mr. DeVoe that the parties would still need to reach agreement on the other terms of any proposed transaction, including price, and that Dow Jones was seeking an increase in the $60.00 price offered by News Corporation. The Goldman Sachs representative subsequently reiterated to Mr. DeVoe Dow Jones' request for a price increase on several occasions. On each such occasion, Mr. DeVoe indicated News Corporation's unwillingness to raise the $60.00 price.
On June 21 and June 22, 2007, at meetings of the ad-hoc committee, Goldman Sachs summarized the status of recent discussions and meetings with various interested parties regarding a possible transaction with Dow Jones. The ad-hoc committee discussed a proposed term sheet for an agreement to maintain the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. This term sheet was based on the term sheet the representatives of the Bancroft family members and trustees had previously prepared and included input from those representatives and senior editors at Dow Jones. Following these meetings, Goldman Sachs delivered the proposed term sheet to News Corporation.
On June 23, 2007, the ad-hoc committee met to discuss the conversations that Mr. Zannino and representatives of Goldman Sachs had had with representatives of News Corporation concerning the proposed term sheet on journalistic and editorial integrity and independence.
On June 24, 2007, Mr. Jacobs of News Corporation delivered to representatives of Simpson Thacher and Wachtell Lipton a revised term sheet reflecting News Corporation's revised proposal on the agreement to maintain the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. On June 24 and 25, 2007, members of senior management of Dow Jones conferred with senior editors of The Wall Street Journal concerning the revised term sheet and potential modifications. Also on June 24 and June 25, 2007, the ad-hoc committee met to discuss the revised term sheet and potential modifications. The discussions with the senior editors of The Wall Street Journal and amongst the members of the ad-hoc committee covered the structure and scope of authority and jurisdiction of the special committee as contemplated by the term sheet, the process for selecting members of the special committee, the importance of ensuring that Dow Jones' existing code of conduct would continue to apply to Dow Jones publications and journalists and the enforcement mechanism to be included in the definitive agreement that would be prepared based on the term sheet. On June 25, 2007, Mr. Stern and Mr. Jacobs engaged in a series of discussions and in-person meetings to review and negotiate the revised term sheet. Later on June 25, Mr. Stern reported to the ad-hoc committee on the discussions he had had with Mr. Jacobs regarding the term sheet.
On June 26, 2007, Dow Jones, with the concurrence of the senior editors of The Wall Street Journal, and News Corporation reached an agreement in principal on terms of an arrangement to protect the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications.
On June 27, 2007, Fried Frank delivered an initial draft of a proposed merger agreement to Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, News Corporation's outside legal counsel.
Early on June 28, 2007, News Corporation executed a confidentiality agreement with Dow Jones. Later that day, Dow Jones senior management made a presentation to executives of News Corporation regarding Dow Jones and its business. Subsequently, News Corporation and its representatives were provided access to an electronic data room. Beginning on June 28, 2007 and continuing through this period, News Corporation representatives conducted due diligence through this electronic data room and interactions with Dow Jones and its representatives.
Skadden Arps delivered comments on the draft merger agreement to Fried Frank on June 29, 2007. During the period from July 9, 2007 to July 31, 2007, Fried Frank and Skadden Arps exchanged multiple drafts of the merger agreement and held a number of meetings and conference calls to negotiate the terms of the merger agreement. Simpson Thacher also participated in these negotiation sessions. Wachtell Lipton also reviewed, and discussed with Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher, these multiple drafts.
During the same period, Skadden Arps provided Wachtell Lipton, Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher with a draft of a voting and support agreement which News Corporation sought from members of the Bancroft family and trustees of trusts for their benefit as a condition to entering into the merger agreement. Wachtell Lipton and Skadden Arps exchanged multiple drafts of this agreement and held discussions regarding the terms on which members of the Bancroft family and trustees of trusts for their benefit would agree to support a transaction with News Corporation by the execution of a voting and support agreement.
On July 3, 2007, at a special meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors Messrs. Zannino and Stern updated the directors on the progress of the negotiations relating to a potential transaction, including the status of the proposed agreement to maintain the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. Representatives of Goldman Sachs reviewed their discussions about financial terms with News Corporation, including the objective that a portion of the consideration be in the form of securities that Dow Jones stockholders could receive on a tax-free basis. Goldman Sachs also discussed with the board of directors the status of its discussions with other potential transaction partners.
On July 9, 2007, after having received input from Mr. Stern, Simpson Thacher and Wachtell Lipton, Fried Frank delivered to Skadden Arps an initial draft of a proposed agreement reflecting the terms of the previously agreed upon arrangement for protecting the journalistic and editorial integrity and independence of the Dow Jones publications. We refer to this agreement as the "editorial agreement." Skadden Arps delivered comments on the draft editorial agreement to Fried Frank on July 12, 2007. During the course of the subsequent two weeks Fried Frank, in close coordination with Mr. Stern and Wachtell Lipton and with additional input from Simpson Thacher, exchanged drafts and continued negotiations with Skadden Arps concerning the editorial agreement. Messrs. Stern and Jacobs also held a series of separate negotiations during this period in which they discussed various issues relating to the provisions of the draft merger agreement (including with respect to deal protection and certainty of closing), the voting agreement and the editorial agreement. Messrs. Stern and Jacobs, in consultation with the directors and members of management of their respective companies, also developed a list of the individuals whom the parties would ask to serve as the initial members of the special committee contemplated by the editorial agreement.
On July 10, 2007, representatives of Goldman Sachs and members of the ad-hoc committee met with Messrs. D and E, who had previously indicated that they were considering making a joint transaction proposal to Dow Jones.
On July 10, 2007, the ad-hoc committee held a meeting at which representatives of Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch reviewed with the committee the status of their discussions with the potential acquirers that they had solicited as well as the parties that had indicated an interest in a transaction with Dow Jones. The representatives of Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch indicated that they had solicited or been contacted by all parties they were aware had a bona fide interest in a transaction with Dow Jones and that, other than the proposal submitted by Mr. D, no formal proposals for a transaction with Dow Jones were received.
Also on July 10, 2007, Dow Jones received various communications indicating that Company F, an international oil and gas company, might be interested in acquiring Dow Jones. No specific proposal was received by Dow Jones from Company F.
On July 12, 2007, a representative of Goldman Sachs contacted Mr. DeVoe to arrange a meeting between the parties to discuss various aspects of the proposed transaction, including the price offered by News Corporation. During the conversation the Goldman Sachs representative indicated that Dow Jones was seeking an increase in the $60.00 per share price offered by News Corporation. Mr. DeVoe indicated that News Corporation would not increase the price set forth in its proposal.
On July 14, 2007, the ad-hoc committee met to discuss next steps in the course of negotiating the proposed News Corporation transaction and the other potential proposals and indications of interest.
In the morning of July 16, 2007, Mr. Zannino and representatives of Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch met with Mr. DeVoe and John Nallen, Executive Vice President and Deputy Chief Financial Officer of News Corporation, to discuss various aspects of the proposed transaction with News Corporation including Dow Jones' request for an increase in News Corporation's offer price.
At lunch on July 16, Messrs. McPherson, Campbell and Zannino and representatives of Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch met with representatives of News Corporation, including Messrs. Murdoch, DeVoe, Nallen and Jacobs, to discuss the status of the negotiations between News Corporation and Dow Jones. In this meeting, Dow Jones again sought an increase in News Corporation's $60.00 per share proposal. At a meeting later that afternoon, among Messrs. Zannino, Campbell, McPherson and representatives of Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch, on the one hand, and representatives of News Corporation, including Mr. Murdoch, on the other hand, Mr. Murdoch indicated that News Corporation would not increase the price set forth in its proposal. He also indicated that the News Corporation board of directors would authorize News Corporation to enter into a merger agreement with Dow Jones only if members of the Bancroft family and the trustees of trusts for their benefit holding Dow Jones shares with a level of voting power "satisfactory" to News Corporation indicated promptly their willingness to support a transaction with News Corporation by entering into a voting agreement. News Corporation did not indicate a specific level of Bancroft family member and trust support that would need to be obtained to be considered "satisfactory." Mr. Murdoch requested that the Bancroft family members and trustees indicate within two weeks whether they were willing to support the proposed transaction by entering into the voting agreement with News Corporation.
At a meeting of the ad-hoc committee held on the morning of July 17, 2007, Messrs. McPherson, Campbell and Zannino reported to the ad-hoc committee on their July 16 meeting with News Corporation. Also on July 17, 2007, counsel to Dow Jones and News Corporation completed the principal terms of the draft editorial agreement and the principal terms of a draft merger agreement.
In the evening of July 17, 2007, the board of directors of Dow Jones held a special meeting. At the meeting, Mr. McPherson reported on the July 16 meeting between representatives of Dow Jones and News Corporation. Christopher Bancroft, a family member, trustee and Dow Jones director, then informed the Dow Jones board of directors that he may have a conflict of interest. On the advice of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher, the board asked Mr. Bancroft to excuse himself from the board meeting. Following Mr. Bancroft's recusal, representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher and Mr. Stern reviewed in detail with the members of the board of directors their fiduciary duties and the principal terms of the draft merger, editorial and voting agreements and the principal terms of the Newco Class B common units and News Corporation's desire that, in the merger, not more than 250 Dow Jones stockholders receive those units. Representatives of Goldman Sachs presented a detailed financial analysis of Dow Jones and reported on discussions with other potential acquirers. Goldman Sachs also reviewed with the board of directors certain publicly available financial information regarding News Corporation. Furthermore, Goldman Sachs confirmed to the board of directors that, assuming that the merger consideration and final merger agreement would be in the form presented at the meeting, it expected to be in a position to render a fairness opinion to the Dow Jones board of directors. Fried Frank then discussed with the board of directors the features of, and the election provisions applicable to, the equity portion of the proposed merger consideration. Mr. Zannino then advised the board of directors it was the view of Dow Jones management that the proposed transaction with News Corporation was in the best interests of Dow Jones, its stockholders, customers and employees and that Dow Jones management recommended the News Corporation proposal. The Bancroft family directors and their advisors then left the meeting and the board of directors held an executive session in which the non-Bancroft family directors further discussed the proposed transaction with News Corporation. After the Bancroft family directors and their advisors returned to the meeting, the Dow Jones board of directors voted, by the affirmative vote of twelve (12) of the fourteen (14) members of the board of directors present, with Ms. Hill and Mr. von Holtzbrinck abstaining, that it would be prepared to approve, and recommend to all of the Dow Jones stockholders, including the Bancroft family member and trustee stockholders, a merger agreement reflecting News Corporation's proposal to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones' common stock and Class B common stock for $60.00 per share.
On July 19, 2007, Mr. von Holtzbrinck resigned as a director of Dow Jones. In his letter of resignation, Mr. von Holtzbrinck indicated that, although he was convinced that the News Corporation proposal was very generous in financial terms, he was worried that Dow Jones' unique journalistic values would suffer in the long-term after a sale to News Corporation.
Thereafter, members of the Bancroft family and trustees of trusts for the benefit of Bancroft family members held discussions to determine their willingness to execute the voting agreement sought by News Corporation in support of the News Corporation proposal.
On July 20, 2007, Mr. E issued a public letter to the Dow Jones stockholders expressing his continued interest in a potential business combination with Dow Jones. In this letter Mr. E proposed forming a new investment group that would loan up to $600 million to existing Bancroft family members to fund the buyout of liquidity-seeking family members and trustees at $60.00 per share, with all value above $60.00 going to the investment group; effecting a leveraged recapitalization of Dow Jones to enable the repurchase of up to 50% of all outstanding shares at $60.00 per share; incurring up to $500 million of additional debt to fund digital media growth initiatives; granting the investment group two seats on the Dow Jones board; and creating at least four new joint ventures related to the digital/video assets of Dow Jones.
On July 23, 2007, various Bancroft family members and trustees and their advisors held a meeting to consider the proposed transaction with News Corporation. Messrs. McPherson and Campbell were invited to attend a portion of the meeting and were given an opportunity to present to the Bancroft family members and trustees the view of the Dow Jones board of directors that the transaction was in the best interest of all Dow Jones stockholders.
At a meeting of the ad-hoc committee held on July 25, 2007, Mr. Elefante provided an overview to the ad-hoc committee of the expected timing of the response of the Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for the benefit of Bancroft family members to News Corporation's request for a voting and support agreement. Mr. Elefante advised the ad-hoc committee that the Bancroft family members and trustees had been requested to inform Mr. Elefante of whether they would be willing to execute the voting agreement sought by News Corporation by 5:00 p.m. on Monday, July 30, 2007.
Prior to July 27, 2007, the members of the ad-hoc committee had agreed that, in recognition of the assistance that Merrill Lynch had provided to the ad-hoc committee and the management of Dow Jones in connection with their evaluation of the News Corporation proposal and the other potential transaction proposals, the ad-hoc committee would recommend to the Dow Jones board of directors that Dow Jones pay up to $18.5 million of the fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch.
Telephonic meetings of the ad-hoc committee were held on July 27, 29 and 30, 2007, respectively. At each of these meetings Mr. Elefante provided updates to the other members of the ad-hoc committee on the willingness of the Bancroft family members and trustees to execute the voting and support agreement.
Late in the evening on July 28, 2007, Ms. Hill informed Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch that an individual had advised her that a cable, entertainment and communications company was possibly interested in exploring a three-way joint venture alliance with Dow Jones and Company C. No specific proposal was received by Dow Jones from the cable, entertainment and communications company or Company C.
During this period certain members of the Bancroft family and trustees for certain Bancroft family trusts indicated their objective of receiving a premium for the shares of Class B common stock of Dow Jones as compared to the shares of common stock. These Bancroft family members and trustees were advised of the views of the non-Bancroft family directors on the ad-hoc committee and the Dow Jones board of directors that they would not support a transaction in which differential consideration would be offered to the different classes of Dow Jones stock. Representatives of News Corporation also indicated that News Corporation would not pay different prices for the two classes of Dow Jones stock. As the consideration of the voting agreement by the Bancroft family members and trustees progressed, certain of the family members and trustees seeking a premium for the shares of Class B common stock expressed the view that certain Bancroft family members and trustees had incurred significant fees and expenses of legal, financial and other advisors and, therefore, absent reimbursement, certain Bancroft family and trustee stockholders would receive less net consideration than $60.00 per share. The Bancroft family members and trustees expressing this view indicated that they would consider entering into the voting agreement sought by News Corporation if Dow Jones agreed to pay the fees and expenses of legal, financial and other advisors to various Bancroft family members and trustees, in addition to paying the $18.5 million in fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch. Excluding the fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch, the fees and expenses requested totaled $17 million.
On July 30, 2007, Mr. Elefante reported to the ad-hoc committee that Bancroft family members and trusts for their benefit holding approximately 27% of the outstanding voting power of Dow Jones had indicated a willingness to execute the voting agreement sought by News Corporation. This figure excluded certain trusts which had not yet expressed their views as well as those trusts seeking additional expense reimbursement. At that meeting, the members of the ad-hoc committee and their advisors discussed the fact that representatives of News Corporation had advised representatives of Dow Jones, and that News Corporation had publicly indicated, that News Corporation was highly unlikely to proceed with the proposed transaction without a higher level of support from Bancroft family members and trustees in terms of executing the voting and support agreement.
On July 30 and July 31, 2007, members of the ad-hoc committee had a series of discussions with certain trustees and Bancroft family members and, after consulting with representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher, agreed that the ad-hoc committee would recommend to the Dow Jones board of directors that Dow Jones agree that in connection with the closing of the merger it would pay $11.5 million of the $17 million in fees and expenses being requested by certain trustees and Bancroft family members, in addition to the $18.5 million of fees and expenses of Merrill Lynch, if those trustees and family members were prepared to enter into the voting and support agreement sought by News Corporation, so long as the payment of these fees and expenses would not result in a reduction in the price being offered by News Corporation. Representatives of News Corporation indicated that News Corporation did not object to Dow Jones agreeing to pay the additional $11.5 million in fees and expenses being requested by certain trustees and Bancroft family members and that the payment would not result in a reduction of the $60.00 per share offer set forth in News Corporation's proposal.
On July 30, 2007, the Dow Jones board of directors received a letter from Mr. E expressing his continued interest in exploring a possible transaction with Dow Jones. In his July 30 letter, Mr. E provided a list of potential investors in the proposed investment group and outlined the terms of his proposed transaction structure, which involved the direct purchase of Class B common stock of Dow Jones, a possible share buyback and the investment of up to $600 million in capital and strategic resources to develop three new joint venture vehicles that would be majority owned by Dow Jones.
On July 31, 2007, Ms. Hill, a member of Dow Jones board of directors and its corporate governance committee, submitted her letter of resignation from the board, effective immediately, and stated (in part): "I have reviewed the facts concerning the News Corporation proposal and understand the reasons that led a substantial majority of the Board of Directors to determine that they would vote to approve this transaction. I recognize that Dow Jones faces challenges ahead like many other news companies but I also believe in its people and powerful brands. If given the time to build upon them, I think there is the potential for even greater long term value than we see today. Unfortunately, I think it is clear we will not have that time, at least as an independent company. The short term financial benefit is difficult to deny. In my opinion, however, it [is] not enough to outweigh the potential ramifications of the loss of an independent global news organization with unmatched credibility and integrity. Although I respect the diligent efforts made to preserve the Journal's editorial independence, in the end, I do not believe that a special committee could ever be a match for true independence."
In the late afternoon of July 31, 2007, Mr. Elefante reported to Mr. McPherson and Goldman Sachs that Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for their benefit holding shares representing approximately 37% of the voting power of Dow Jones were prepared to enter into the voting agreement with News Corporation in support of its proposed transaction. This information was subsequently communicated to News Corporation.
Later on July 31, 2007, the News Corporation board of directors held a special meeting and, following presentations from Skadden Arps and its financial advisors, unanimously approved the proposed transaction, subject to the approval of the board of directors of Dow Jones.
In the evening of July 31, 2007, a special meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors was convened. The meeting was attended by all directors then in office other than Mr. Bancroft. Representatives of Fried Frank, Simpson Thacher, Wachtell Lipton, Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch were present. Representatives of Fried Frank reviewed with the board of directors the changes to the terms and conditions of the transaction agreements since the July 17 meeting of the Dow Jones board of directors. Representatives of Fried Frank then discussed with the board of directors the equity holdings of, and severance payments that would be received by, Dow Jones' senior executives if they were terminated in connection with a change of control transaction. Mr. Elefante reported that Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for their benefit holding shares of Dow Jones common stock and Class B common stock representing approximately 37% of the aggregate voting power of Dow Jones had agreed to execute the voting agreement in support of the proposed transaction with News Corporation. Representatives of Fried Frank and Simpson Thacher also reviewed potential issues surrounding the payment of the $30 million of fees and expenses of certain Bancroft family members and trustees by Dow Jones. Representatives of Goldman Sachs reviewed the other potential transaction proposals that had been submitted to Dow Jones or discussed with either Goldman Sachs or Merrill Lynch and advised the Dow Jones board of directors about various financial and non-financial aspects of these potential transaction proposals. After taking into account this review and advice, the board of directors concluded that the other potential transaction proposals were not attractive relative to the proposed transaction with News Corporation. At the request of the Dow Jones board, in connection with the board's review of the fees and expenses of various advisors to the Bancroft family members and trustees proposed to be paid or reimbursed by Dow Jones, Goldman Sachs discussed with the board an analysis of transactions involving deals with super and lesser voting stock in which the same or different amounts were paid for each class of stock. Goldman Sachs then provided the board of directors with an oral opinion, which was subsequently confirmed in writing, to the effect that, as of July 31, 2007 and based upon the assumptions made, matters considered and limits of review set forth in its written opinion, the $60.00 in cash per share of Dow Jones common stock to be received by the holders of Dow Jones common stock pursuant to the merger agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders. For further information regarding this opinion, see the section entitled "—Opinion of Financial Advisor to Dow Jones" beginning on page 66. Following discussion, the Dow Jones board of directors, by the unanimous vote of all twelve (12) directors present at the meeting, approved the merger agreement and the merger and determined that the merger, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the merger agreement, is advisable, fair to, and in the best interests of, Dow Jones stockholders, and recommended that the Dow Jones stockholders adopt the merger agreement. The Dow Jones board of directors also approved, by the affirmative vote of ten (10) of the twelve (12) directors present at the meeting, a resolution authorizing the payment or reimbursement of $30 million of the fees and expenses incurred by certain Bancroft family members and trustees in connection with their consideration of the News Corporation transaction. Mr. Elefante and Ms. Steele abstained from the vote to reimburse expenses incurred by various Bancroft family members and trustees.
The definitive merger agreement with News Corporation was executed by representatives of Dow Jones, News Corporation, Ruby Newco and Merger Sub as of July 31, 2007. In addition, News Corporation entered into a voting agreement with Bancroft family members and trusts for their benefit reflecting approximately 37% of the aggregate voting power of Dow Jones.
Reasons for the Merger; Recommendation of the Dow Jones Board
The Dow Jones board of directors, at a special meeting held on July 31, 2007, determined, by a unanimous vote of those directors present, that the merger on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the merger agreement, is advisable and fair to, and in the best interests of, the Dow Jones stockholders. The Dow Jones board of directors recommends that Dow Jones stockholders vote FOR the approval and adoption of the merger agreement.
In reaching its decision, the Dow Jones board of directors consulted with Dow Jones' management and its financial and legal advisors. In reaching its conclusion that the merger is in the best interests of the Dow Jones stockholders, the Dow Jones board of directors considered a variety of factors, including the following:
Based on financial analyses presented by Goldman Sachs, Dow Jones' financial advisor, the board of directors believed that a price of $60.00 per share for each of the common stock and Class B common stock was financially compelling. In that connection, the board of directors observed that the $60.00 per share price exceeded the high end of the illustrative ranges of implied values for the Dow Jones shares derived by Goldman Sachs using all of the methods reflected in Goldman Sachs' financial analyses.
The opinion of Goldman Sachs that, as of the date of the opinion, and based upon and subject to the factors and assumptions set forth in the opinion, the $60.00 per share of Dow Jones common stock in cash to be received by the holders of Dow Jones common stock pursuant to the merger agreement was fair from a financial point of view to those holders. See the section entitled "Opinion of Financial Advisor to Dow Jones" beginning on page 66.
Its understanding of Dow Jones' business, operations, financial condition, earnings and prospects on a stand-alone basis, in light of relevant factors, including increasing competition from much larger and better capitalized companies, material uncertainties confronting the newspaper industry, industry consolidation and current and anticipated pressure on print advertising revenues.
The belief of the Dow Jones board of directors that, in the context of current market conditions and trends in the newspaper industry, the timing of the transaction was favorable.
Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch approached or were contacted by 21 potential transaction partners other than News Corporation about their possible interest in a transaction with Dow Jones, including all parties they were aware had a bona fide interest in a transaction with Dow Jones. Although the News Corporation proposal became public on May 1, 2007, Dow Jones did not receive a competitive alternative proposal during the ensuing three months.
The fact that the merger agreement also permits Dow Jones, under certain circumstances, to provide information to and engage in discussions with third parties and to terminate the merger agreement for a superior acquisition proposal.
The cash consideration allows the Dow Jones stockholders to immediately realize value for their investment and provides certainty of value. Moreover, the merger agreement contains no financing condition, and it is the view of the Dow Jones board of directors that News Corporation can easily fund the cash consideration for the merger.
The fact that up to 250 Dow Jones stockholders, and with respect to not more than 10% of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones common stock and Class B common stock, in the aggregate, will have an opportunity to receive an equity stake in the form of Class B common units of Newco, a subsidiary of News Corporation, which are exchangeable for shares of Class A common stock of News Corporation on a one-for-one basis (subject to adjustment). This election affords Dow Jones stockholders a limited opportunity to participate in the future financial performance of a larger, more diversified, global entertainment company, and the exchange of shares of Dow Jones common stock or Class B common stock for Newco Class B common units in the merger is intended to be tax-free.
The number of underlying shares of Class A common stock of News Corporation issuable in connection with the merger (assuming the conversion of the Newco Class B common units receivable in the optional equity portion of the merger consideration) will be based upon a fixed value of $60.00 divided by the volume weighted average price per share of News Corporation Class A common stock over a five (5) day period preceding the closing of the merger.
The fact that certain members of the Bancroft family and trustees of trusts for their benefit holding approximately 37% of the total voting power of Dow Jones have entered into the voting agreement to support the merger, which is subject to approval by a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Dow Jones common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class.
The terms and conditions of the merger agreement, including the limited nature of the closing conditions included in the merger agreement. The merger agreement contains no financing contingency and is not subject to approval by News Corporation stockholders. In reviewing the likelihood of satisfaction of the conditions to the consummation of the merger, the board of directors took into account the fact that News Corporation is required to take all actions necessary to obtain regulatory approvals. Furthermore, News Corporation is generally obligated to close the merger notwithstanding any breaches of Dow Jones' representations and warranties, unless those breaches would in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on Dow Jones and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.
Dow Jones stockholders who do not vote in favor of the merger and who follow certain prescribed procedures are entitled to appraisal rights under Delaware law.
After announcement of the News Corporation proposal on May 1, 2007, significant turnover in the common stock of Dow Jones introduced a new body of stockholders at prices in excess of $50 per share and the possibility that these new stockholders would continuously be seeking that Dow Jones engage in a sale or restructuring and thereby lead to instability.
In the course of its deliberations, the Dow Jones board of directors also considered a variety of risks and other potentially negative factors, including the following:
The proposed merger occurs at a time of transition in the newspaper industry and it is possible that greater value could be realized at some point in the future by expanded utilization of alternative forms of information distribution and communication, including through the Internet.
Dow Jones stockholders, other than in the limited circumstances for those who elect and are entitled to receive equity in the form of Newco Class B common units, would have no ongoing equity participation in Dow Jones following the merger and therefore will lose the opportunity to participate in any future earnings or growth of Dow Jones and will not benefit from any future appreciation in the value of Dow Jones.
The Newco Class B common units that are received by Dow Jones stockholders who elect and are entitled to equity consideration will be subject to certain restrictions on transfer and may not be exchanged for shares of News Corporation Class A common stock until 120 days after the closing date, and then only on a limited basis until 180 days after the closing date, at which time the Newco Class B common units will be fully exchangeable.
The receipt of cash in exchange for shares of Dow Jones common stock and Class B common stock pursuant to the merger would be a taxable transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
It is possible that the so-called deal protection provisions in the merger agreement and in the voting agreement could discourage a competing proposal to acquire Dow Jones. These include the restrictions on solicitation of alternative proposals, the rights of News Corporation to obtain information with respect to any alternative acquisition proposals and to a three business day period matching right after receipt of a superior acquisition proposal, and the termination fee provisions.
Under the terms of the merger agreement News Corporation has the right to defend against any impediment regulators seek to impose and thereby could delay the closing until August 1, 2008.
If the Dow Jones stockholders fail to approve the merger, Dow Jones will be required to pay the reasonably documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred by News Corporation in connection with the merger, up to a maximum of $25 million.
The requirement to pay $30 million in the aggregate on behalf of, or reimburse, certain Bancroft family members and trustees of trusts for their benefit for fees and expenses incurred by them in connection with their evaluation and consideration of the proposed transaction.
Certain of Dow Jones' directors and officers may have conflicts of interest in connection with the merger, as they may receive certain benefits that are different from, and in addition to, those of Dow Jones' other stockholders. See the description under the section entitled "Interests of Dow Jones' Directors and Executive Officers in the Merger" beginning on page 60.
Dow Jones may incur significant risks and costs if the merger does not close, including the diversion of management and employee attention during the period after the signing of the merger agreement, potential employee attrition and the possible adverse effects on Dow Jones' business and customer relations. In that regard, under the merger agreement, Dow Jones must conduct its business in the ordinary course and is subject to a variety of other restrictions on the conduct of its business prior to completion of the merger or termination of the merger agreement, which may delay or prevent Dow Jones from undertaking business opportunities that may arise or preclude actions that would be advisable if Dow Jones were to remain an independent public company.
The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by the Dow Jones board of directors is not exhaustive but is intended to reflect the material factors considered by the Dow Jones board of directors. The Dow Jones board of directors did not quantify or assign any relative or specific weight to the various factors that it considered. Rather, the Dow Jones board of directors based its recommendation on the totality of the information presented to and considered by it. In addition, individual members of the Dow Jones board of directors may have given different weights to different factors.
http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB118920208821221002.html
On August 1, 2007, before the opening of business in New York City, Dow Jones and News Corporation issued a joint press release announcing that they had entered into the merger agreement.
On October , 2007, News Corporation and Dow Jones entered into an amendment to the merger agreement to modify the treatment under the merger agreement of certain vested stock options and certain outstanding awards granted pursuant to the Dow Jones Reuters Business Interactive, LLC Long-Term Incentive Plan, which we refer to in this proxy statement/ prospectus as the Factiva LTIP.
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